URL 编码 / 解码

// Encode a single query value (recommended)
const encoded = encodeURIComponent('hello world & co.');
// → 'hello%20world%20%26%20co.'

// Decode
const decoded = decodeURIComponent('hello%20world%20%26%20co.');
// → 'hello world & co.'

// Encode a full URL (leaves : / ? & # intact)
const safeUrl = encodeURI('https://example.com/search?q=hello world');
// → 'https://example.com/search?q=hello%20world'

from urllib.parse import quote, unquote, urlencode

# Encode a single value (%20 for spaces)
encoded = quote('hello world & co.')
# → 'hello%20world%20%26%20co.'

# Decode
decoded = unquote('hello%20world%20%26%20co.')
# → 'hello world & co.'

# Encode a query dict (uses + for spaces — form encoding)
qs = urlencode({'q': 'hello world', 'page': '2'})
# → 'q=hello+world&page=2'

# quote_plus encodes spaces as + (match HTML form encoding)
plus = quote_plus('hello world')
# → 'hello+world'

// Encode a single value (spaces → %20)
string encoded = Uri.EscapeDataString("hello world & co.");
// → "hello%20world%20%26%20co."

// Decode
string decoded = Uri.UnescapeDataString("hello%20world%20%26%20co.");
// → "hello world & co."

// Older System.Web API (spaces → +, form encoding):
// HttpUtility.UrlEncode("hello world") → "hello+world"

# .NET method — works in PS 5+ and PowerShell Core
$encoded = [Uri]::EscapeDataString('hello world & co.')
# → 'hello%20world%20%26%20co.'

$decoded = [Uri]::UnescapeDataString('hello%20world%20%26%20co.')
# → 'hello world & co.'

# Alternate via System.Web (Desktop PS only):
Add-Type -AssemblyName System.Web
$enc2 = [System.Web.HttpUtility]::UrlEncode('hello world')
# → 'hello+world'

import java.net.URLEncoder;
import java.net.URLDecoder;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;

// Encode (URLEncoder uses + for spaces — form encoding)
String encoded = URLEncoder.encode("hello world & co.", StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
// → "hello+world+%26+co."

// Decode
String decoded = URLDecoder.decode("hello+world+%26+co.", StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
// → "hello world & co."

import "net/url"

// QueryEscape: spaces become +
encoded := url.QueryEscape("hello world & co.")
// → "hello+world+%26+co."

decoded, err := url.QueryUnescape("hello+world+%26+co.")
// → "hello world & co.", nil

// PathEscape: spaces become %20
pathSafe := url.PathEscape("hello world & co.")
// → "hello%20world%20&%20co."